.\" Copyright (c) 2010, Jan Kara
.\" A few pieces copyright (c) 1996 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
.\" and copyright 2010 (c) Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
.\"
.TH quotactl 2 2024-05-02 "Linux man-pages 6.9.1"
.SH NAME
quotactl \- manipulate disk quotas
.SH LIBRARY
Standard C library
.RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.B #include <sys/quota.h>
.BR "#include <xfs/xqm.h>" " /* Definition of " Q_X* " and " XFS_QUOTA_* \
" constants"
.RB    "                        (or " <linux/dqblk_xfs.h> "; see NOTES) */"
.P
.BI "int quotactl(int " op ", const char *_Nullable " special ", int " id ,
.BI "             caddr_t " addr );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The quota system can be used to set per-user, per-group, and per-project limits
on the amount of disk space used on a filesystem.
For each user and/or group,
a soft limit and a hard limit can be set for each filesystem.
The hard limit can't be exceeded.
The soft limit can be exceeded, but warnings will ensue.
Moreover, the user can't exceed the soft limit for more than grace period
duration (one week by default) at a time;
after this, the soft limit counts as a hard limit.
.P
The
.BR quotactl ()
call manipulates disk quotas.
The
.I op
argument indicates an operation to be applied to the user or
group ID specified in
.IR id .
To initialize the
.I op
argument, use the
.I QCMD(subop, type)
macro.
The
.I type
value is either
.BR USRQUOTA ,
for user quotas,
.BR GRPQUOTA ,
for group quotas, or (since Linux 4.1)
.\" 847aac644e92e5624f2c153bab409bf713d5ff9a
.BR PRJQUOTA ,
for project quotas.
The
.I subop
value is described below.
.P
The
.I special
argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string containing the pathname
of the (mounted) block special device for the filesystem being manipulated.
.P
The
.I addr
argument is the address of an optional, operation-specific, data structure
that is copied in or out of the system.
The interpretation of
.I addr
is given with each operation below.
.P
The
.I subop
value is one of the following operations:
.TP
.B Q_QUOTAON
Turn on quotas for a filesystem.
The
.I id
argument is the identification number of the quota format to be used.
Currently, there are three supported quota formats:
.RS
.TP 13
.B QFMT_VFS_OLD
The original quota format.
.TP
.B QFMT_VFS_V0
The standard VFS v0 quota format, which can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs
and quota limits up to 2\[ha]42 bytes and 2\[ha]32 inodes.
.TP
.B QFMT_VFS_V1
A quota format that can handle 32-bit UIDs and GIDs
and quota limits of 2\[ha]63 \- 1 bytes and 2\[ha]63 \- 1 inodes.
.RE
.IP
The
.I addr
argument points to the pathname of a file containing the quotas for
the filesystem.
The quota file must exist; it is normally created with the
.BR quotacheck (8)
program
.IP
Quota information can be also stored in hidden system inodes
for ext4, XFS, and other filesystems if the filesystem is configured so.
In this case, there are no visible quota files and there is no need to
use
.BR quotacheck (8).
Quota information is always kept consistent by the filesystem and the
.B Q_QUOTAON
operation serves only to enable enforcement of quota limits.
The presence of hidden
system inodes with quota information is indicated by the
.B DQF_SYS_FILE
flag in the
.I dqi_flags
field returned by the
.B Q_GETINFO
operation.
.IP
This operation requires privilege
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN ).
.TP
.B Q_QUOTAOFF
Turn off quotas for a filesystem.
The
.I addr
and
.I id
arguments are ignored.
This operation requires privilege
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN ).
.TP
.B Q_GETQUOTA
Get disk quota limits and current usage for user or group
.IR id .
The
.I addr
argument is a pointer to a
.I dqblk
structure defined in
.I <sys/quota.h>
as follows:
.IP
.in +4n
.EX
/* uint64_t is an unsigned 64\-bit integer;
   uint32_t is an unsigned 32\-bit integer */
\&
struct dqblk {      /* Definition since Linux 2.4.22 */
    uint64_t dqb_bhardlimit;  /* Absolute limit on disk
                                 quota blocks alloc */
    uint64_t dqb_bsoftlimit;  /* Preferred limit on
                                 disk quota blocks */
    uint64_t dqb_curspace;    /* Current occupied space
                                 (in bytes) */
    uint64_t dqb_ihardlimit;  /* Maximum number of
                                 allocated inodes */
    uint64_t dqb_isoftlimit;  /* Preferred inode limit */
    uint64_t dqb_curinodes;   /* Current number of
                                 allocated inodes */
    uint64_t dqb_btime;       /* Time limit for excessive
                                 disk use */
    uint64_t dqb_itime;       /* Time limit for excessive
                                 files */
    uint32_t dqb_valid;       /* Bit mask of QIF_*
                                 constants */
};
\&
/* Flags in dqb_valid that indicate which fields in
   dqblk structure are valid. */
\&
#define QIF_BLIMITS   1
#define QIF_SPACE     2
#define QIF_ILIMITS   4
#define QIF_INODES    8
#define QIF_BTIME     16
#define QIF_ITIME     32
#define QIF_LIMITS    (QIF_BLIMITS | QIF_ILIMITS)
#define QIF_USAGE     (QIF_SPACE | QIF_INODES)
#define QIF_TIMES     (QIF_BTIME | QIF_ITIME)
#define QIF_ALL       (QIF_LIMITS | QIF_USAGE | QIF_TIMES)
.EE
.in
.IP
The
.I dqb_valid
field is a bit mask that is set to indicate the entries in the
.I dqblk
structure that are valid.
Currently, the kernel fills in all entries of the
.I dqblk
structure and marks them as valid in the
.I dqb_valid
field.
Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own quotas;
a privileged user
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN )
can retrieve the quotas of any user.
.TP
.BR Q_GETNEXTQUOTA " (since Linux 4.6)"
.\" commit 926132c0257a5a8d149a6a395cc3405e55420566
This operation is the same as
.BR Q_GETQUOTA ,
but it returns quota information for the next ID greater than or equal to
.I id
that has a quota set.
.IP
The
.I addr
argument is a pointer to a
.I nextdqblk
structure whose fields are as for the
.IR dqblk ,
except for the addition of a
.I dqb_id
field that is used to return the ID for which
quota information is being returned:
.IP
.in +4n
.EX
struct nextdqblk {
    uint64_t dqb_bhardlimit;
    uint64_t dqb_bsoftlimit;
    uint64_t dqb_curspace;
    uint64_t dqb_ihardlimit;
    uint64_t dqb_isoftlimit;
    uint64_t dqb_curinodes;
    uint64_t dqb_btime;
    uint64_t dqb_itime;
    uint32_t dqb_valid;
    uint32_t dqb_id;
};
.EE
.in
.TP
.B Q_SETQUOTA
Set quota information for user or group
.IR id ,
using the information supplied in the
.I dqblk
structure pointed to by
.IR addr .
The
.I dqb_valid
field of the
.I dqblk
structure indicates which entries in the structure have been set by the caller.
This operation supersedes the
.B Q_SETQLIM
and
.B Q_SETUSE
operations in the previous quota interfaces.
This operation requires privilege
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN ).
.TP
.BR Q_GETINFO " (since Linux 2.4.22)"
Get information (like grace times) about quotafile.
The
.I addr
argument should be a pointer to a
.I dqinfo
structure.
This structure is defined in
.I <sys/quota.h>
as follows:
.IP
.in +4n
.EX
/* uint64_t is an unsigned 64\-bit integer;
   uint32_t is an unsigned 32\-bit integer */
\&
struct dqinfo {         /* Defined since Linux 2.4.22 */
    uint64_t dqi_bgrace;  /* Time before block soft limit
                             becomes hard limit */
    uint64_t dqi_igrace;  /* Time before inode soft limit
                             becomes hard limit */
    uint32_t dqi_flags;   /* Flags for quotafile
                             (DQF_*) */
    uint32_t dqi_valid;
};
\&
/* Bits for dqi_flags */
\&
/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_OLD */
\&
#define DQF_ROOT_SQUASH (1 << 0) /* Root squash enabled */
              /* Before Linux v4.0, this had been defined
                 privately as V1_DQF_RSQUASH */
\&
/* Quota format QFMT_VFS_V0 / QFMT_VFS_V1 */
\&
#define DQF_SYS_FILE    (1 << 16)   /* Quota stored in
                                       a system file */
\&
/* Flags in dqi_valid that indicate which fields in
   dqinfo structure are valid. */
\&
#define IIF_BGRACE  1
#define IIF_IGRACE  2
#define IIF_FLAGS   4
#define IIF_ALL     (IIF_BGRACE | IIF_IGRACE | IIF_FLAGS)
.EE
.in
.IP
The
.I dqi_valid
field in the
.I dqinfo
structure indicates the entries in the structure that are valid.
Currently, the kernel fills in all entries of the
.I dqinfo
structure and marks them all as valid in the
.I dqi_valid
field.
The
.I id
argument is ignored.
.TP
.BR Q_SETINFO " (since Linux 2.4.22)"
Set information about quotafile.
The
.I addr
argument should be a pointer to a
.I dqinfo
structure.
The
.I dqi_valid
field of the
.I dqinfo
structure indicates the entries in the structure
that have been set by the caller.
This operation supersedes the
.B Q_SETGRACE
and
.B Q_SETFLAGS
operations in the previous quota interfaces.
The
.I id
argument is ignored.
This operation requires privilege
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN ).
.TP
.BR Q_GETFMT " (since Linux 2.4.22)"
Get quota format used on the specified filesystem.
The
.I addr
argument should be a pointer to a 4-byte buffer
where the format number will be stored.
.TP
.B Q_SYNC
Update the on-disk copy of quota usages for a filesystem.
If
.I special
is NULL, then all filesystems with active quotas are sync'ed.
The
.I addr
and
.I id
arguments are ignored.
.TP
.BR Q_GETSTATS " (supported up to Linux 2.4.21)"
Get statistics and other generic information about the quota subsystem.
The
.I addr
argument should be a pointer to a
.I dqstats
structure in which data should be stored.
This structure is defined in
.IR <sys/quota.h> .
The
.I special
and
.I id
arguments are ignored.
.IP
This operation is obsolete and was removed in Linux 2.4.22.
Files in
.I /proc/sys/fs/quota/
carry the information instead.
.P
For XFS filesystems making use of the XFS Quota Manager (XQM),
the above operations are bypassed and the following operations are used:
.TP
.B Q_XQUOTAON
Turn on quotas for an XFS filesystem.
XFS provides the ability to turn on/off quota limit enforcement
with quota accounting.
Therefore, XFS expects
.I addr
to be a pointer to an
.I "unsigned int"
that contains a bitwise combination of the following flags (defined in
.IR <xfs/xqm.h> ):
.IP
.in +4n
.EX
XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ACCT  /* User quota accounting */
XFS_QUOTA_UDQ_ENFD  /* User quota limits enforcement */
XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ACCT  /* Group quota accounting */
XFS_QUOTA_GDQ_ENFD  /* Group quota limits enforcement */
XFS_QUOTA_PDQ_ACCT  /* Project quota accounting */
XFS_QUOTA_PDQ_ENFD  /* Project quota limits enforcement */
.EE
.in
.IP
This operation requires privilege
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN ).
The
.I id
argument is ignored.
.TP
.B Q_XQUOTAOFF
Turn off quotas for an XFS filesystem.
As with
.BR Q_QUOTAON ,
XFS filesystems expect a pointer to an
.I "unsigned int"
that specifies whether quota accounting and/or limit enforcement need
to be turned off (using the same flags as for
.B Q_XQUOTAON
operation).
This operation requires privilege
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN ).
The
.I id
argument is ignored.
.TP
.B Q_XGETQUOTA
Get disk quota limits and current usage for user
.IR id .
The
.I addr
argument is a pointer to an
.I fs_disk_quota
structure, which is defined in
.I <xfs/xqm.h>
as follows:
.IP
.in +4n
.EX
/* All the blk units are in BBs (Basic Blocks) of
   512 bytes. */
\&
#define FS_DQUOT_VERSION  1  /* fs_disk_quota.d_version */
\&
#define XFS_USER_QUOTA    (1<<0)  /* User quota type */
#define XFS_PROJ_QUOTA    (1<<1)  /* Project quota type */
#define XFS_GROUP_QUOTA   (1<<2)  /* Group quota type */
\&
struct fs_disk_quota {
    int8_t   d_version;   /* Version of this structure */
    int8_t   d_flags;     /* XFS_{USER,PROJ,GROUP}_QUOTA */
    uint16_t d_fieldmask; /* Field specifier */
    uint32_t d_id;        /* User, project, or group ID */
    uint64_t d_blk_hardlimit; /* Absolute limit on
                                 disk blocks */
    uint64_t d_blk_softlimit; /* Preferred limit on
                                 disk blocks */
    uint64_t d_ino_hardlimit; /* Maximum # allocated
                                 inodes */
    uint64_t d_ino_softlimit; /* Preferred inode limit */
    uint64_t d_bcount;    /* # disk blocks owned by
                             the user */
    uint64_t d_icount;    /* # inodes owned by the user */
    int32_t  d_itimer;    /* Zero if within inode limits */
                          /* If not, we refuse service */
    int32_t  d_btimer;    /* Similar to above; for
                             disk blocks */
    uint16_t d_iwarns;    /* # warnings issued with
                             respect to # of inodes */
    uint16_t d_bwarns;    /* # warnings issued with
                             respect to disk blocks */
    int32_t  d_padding2;  /* Padding \- for future use */
    uint64_t d_rtb_hardlimit; /* Absolute limit on realtime
                                 (RT) disk blocks */
    uint64_t d_rtb_softlimit; /* Preferred limit on RT
                                 disk blocks */
    uint64_t d_rtbcount;  /* # realtime blocks owned */
    int32_t  d_rtbtimer;  /* Similar to above; for RT
                             disk blocks */
    uint16_t d_rtbwarns;  /* # warnings issued with
                             respect to RT disk blocks */
    int16_t  d_padding3;  /* Padding \- for future use */
    char     d_padding4[8];   /* Yet more padding */
};
.EE
.in
.IP
Unprivileged users may retrieve only their own quotas;
a privileged user
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN )
may retrieve the quotas of any user.
.TP
.BR Q_XGETNEXTQUOTA " (since Linux 4.6)"
.\" commit 8b37524962b9c54423374717786198f5c0820a28
This operation is the same as
.BR Q_XGETQUOTA ,
but it returns (in the
.I fs_disk_quota
structure pointed by
.IR addr )
quota information for the next ID greater than or equal to
.I id
that has a quota set.
Note that since
.I fs_disk_quota
already has
.I q_id
field, no separate structure type is needed (in contrast with
.B Q_GETQUOTA
and
.B Q_GETNEXTQUOTA
operations)
.TP
.B Q_XSETQLIM
Set disk quota limits for user
.IR id .
The
.I addr
argument is a pointer to an
.I fs_disk_quota
structure.
This operation requires privilege
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN ).
.TP
.B Q_XGETQSTAT
Returns XFS filesystem-specific quota information in the
.I fs_quota_stat
structure pointed by
.IR addr .
This is useful for finding out how much space is used to store quota
information, and also to get the quota on/off status of a given local XFS
filesystem.
The
.I fs_quota_stat
structure itself is defined as follows:
.IP
.in +4n
.EX
#define FS_QSTAT_VERSION 1  /* fs_quota_stat.qs_version */
\&
struct fs_qfilestat {
    uint64_t qfs_ino;       /* Inode number */
    uint64_t qfs_nblks;     /* Number of BBs
                               512\-byte\-blocks */
    uint32_t qfs_nextents;  /* Number of extents */
};
\&
struct fs_quota_stat {
    int8_t   qs_version; /* Version number for
                            future changes */
    uint16_t qs_flags; /* XFS_QUOTA_{U,P,G}DQ_{ACCT,ENFD} */
    int8_t   qs_pad;   /* Unused */
    struct fs_qfilestat qs_uquota;  /* User quota storage
                                       information */
    struct fs_qfilestat qs_gquota;  /* Group quota storage
                                       information */
    uint32_t qs_incoredqs;   /* Number of dquots in core */
    int32_t  qs_btimelimit;  /* Limit for blocks timer */
    int32_t  qs_itimelimit;  /* Limit for inodes timer */
    int32_t  qs_rtbtimelimit;/* Limit for RT
                                blocks timer */
    uint16_t qs_bwarnlimit;  /* Limit for # of warnings */
    uint16_t qs_iwarnlimit;  /* Limit for # of warnings */
};
.EE
.in
.IP
The
.I id
argument is ignored.
.TP
.B Q_XGETQSTATV
Returns XFS filesystem-specific quota information in the
.I fs_quota_statv
pointed to by
.IR addr .
This version of the operation uses a structure with proper versioning support,
along with appropriate layout (all fields are naturally aligned) and
padding to avoiding special compat handling;
it also provides the ability to get statistics regarding
the project quota file.
The
.I fs_quota_statv
structure itself is defined as follows:
.IP
.in +4n
.EX
#define FS_QSTATV_VERSION1 1 /* fs_quota_statv.qs_version */
\&
struct fs_qfilestatv {
    uint64_t qfs_ino;       /* Inode number */
    uint64_t qfs_nblks;     /* Number of BBs
                               512\-byte\-blocks */
    uint32_t qfs_nextents;  /* Number of extents */
    uint32_t qfs_pad;       /* Pad for 8\-byte alignment */
};
\&
struct fs_quota_statv {
    int8_t   qs_version;    /* Version for future
                               changes */
    uint8_t  qs_pad1;       /* Pad for 16\-bit alignment */
    uint16_t qs_flags;      /* XFS_QUOTA_.* flags */
    uint32_t qs_incoredqs;  /* Number of dquots incore */
    struct fs_qfilestatv qs_uquota;  /* User quota
                                        information */
    struct fs_qfilestatv qs_gquota;  /* Group quota
                                        information */
    struct fs_qfilestatv qs_pquota;  /* Project quota
                                        information */
    int32_t  qs_btimelimit;   /* Limit for blocks timer */
    int32_t  qs_itimelimit;   /* Limit for inodes timer */
    int32_t  qs_rtbtimelimit; /* Limit for RT blocks
                                 timer */
    uint16_t qs_bwarnlimit;   /* Limit for # of warnings */
    uint16_t qs_iwarnlimit;   /* Limit for # of warnings */
    uint64_t qs_pad2[8];      /* For future proofing */
};
.EE
.in
.IP
The
.I qs_version
field of the structure should be filled with the version of the structure
supported by the callee (for now, only
.I FS_QSTAT_VERSION1
is supported).
The kernel will fill the structure in accordance with
version provided.
The
.I id
argument is ignored.
.TP
.BR Q_XQUOTARM " (buggy until Linux 3.16)"
.\" 9da93f9b7cdf8ab28da6b364cdc1fafc8670b4dc
Free the disk space taken by disk quotas.
The
.I addr
argument should be a pointer to an
.I "unsigned int"
value containing flags (the same as in
.I d_flags
field of
.I fs_disk_quota
structure)
which identify what types of quota
should be removed.
(Note that the quota type passed in the
.I op
argument is ignored, but should remain valid in order to pass preliminary
quotactl syscall handler checks.)
.IP
Quotas must have already been turned off.
The
.I id
argument is ignored.
.TP
.BR Q_XQUOTASYNC " (since Linux 2.6.15; no-op since Linux 3.4)"
.\" Added in commit ee34807a65aa0c5911dc27682863afca780a003e
This operation was an XFS quota equivalent to
.BR Q_SYNC ,
but it is no-op since Linux 3.4,
.\" 4b217ed9e30f94b6e8e5e262020ef0ceab6113af
as
.BR sync (1)
writes quota information to disk now
(in addition to the other filesystem metadata that it writes out).
The
.IR special ", " id " and " addr
arguments are ignored.
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR quotactl ()
returns 0; on error \-1
is returned, and
.I errno
is set to indicate the error.
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.B EACCES
.I op
is
.BR Q_QUOTAON ,
and the quota file pointed to by
.I addr
exists, but is not a regular file or
is not on the filesystem pointed to by
.IR special .
.TP
.B EBUSY
.I op
is
.BR Q_QUOTAON ,
but another
.B Q_QUOTAON
had already been performed.
.TP
.B EFAULT
.I addr
or
.I special
is invalid.
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I op
or
.I type
is invalid.
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I op
is
.BR Q_QUOTAON ,
but the specified quota file is corrupted.
.TP
.BR EINVAL " (since Linux 5.5)"
.\" 3dd4d40b420846dd35869ccc8f8627feef2cff32
.I op
is
.BR Q_XQUOTARM ,
but
.I addr
does not point to valid quota types.
.TP
.B ENOENT
The file specified by
.I special
or
.I addr
does not exist.
.TP
.B ENOSYS
The kernel has not been compiled with the
.B CONFIG_QUOTA
option.
.TP
.B ENOTBLK
.I special
is not a block device.
.TP
.B EPERM
The caller lacked the required privilege
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN )
for the specified operation.
.TP
.B ERANGE
.I op
is
.BR Q_SETQUOTA ,
but the specified limits are out of the range allowed by the quota format.
.TP
.B ESRCH
No disk quota is found for the indicated user.
Quotas have not been turned on for this filesystem.
.TP
.B ESRCH
.I op
is
.BR Q_QUOTAON ,
but the specified quota format was not found.
.TP
.B ESRCH
.I op
is
.B Q_GETNEXTQUOTA
or
.BR Q_XGETNEXTQUOTA ,
but there is no ID greater than or equal to
.I id
that has an active quota.
.SH NOTES
Instead of
.I <xfs/xqm.h>
one can use
.IR <linux/dqblk_xfs.h> ,
taking into account that there are several naming discrepancies:
.IP \[bu] 3
Quota enabling flags (of format
.BR XFS_QUOTA_[UGP]DQ_{ACCT,ENFD} )
are defined without a leading "X", as
.BR FS_QUOTA_[UGP]DQ_{ACCT,ENFD} .
.IP \[bu]
The same is true for
.B XFS_{USER,GROUP,PROJ}_QUOTA
quota type flags, which are defined as
.BR FS_{USER,GROUP,PROJ}_QUOTA .
.IP \[bu]
The
.I dqblk_xfs.h
header file defines its own
.BR XQM_USRQUOTA ,
.BR XQM_GRPQUOTA ,
and
.B XQM_PRJQUOTA
constants for the available quota types, but their values are the same as for
constants without the
.B XQM_
prefix.
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR quota (1),
.BR getrlimit (2),
.BR quotacheck (8),
.BR quotaon (8)
